An overload, in commuting system, is defined as a load that exceeds the legal truckload limit. The overload statistics depend on truck types specified by the number of axles. The truckload spectra generally represent a distinctly different pattern than that in lower load levels, which is especially true among trucks with five or more axles. The probability of occurrence of specific truck weights exceeding the legal load limit can be used to estimate the frequency of occurrence of heavier loads in transportation facilities and thus determine the damage potentials of overloads on the infrastructure. This information can be used along with routine engineering analyses that many pertinent road agencies conduct when issuing truck-overload permits. The Heavy Vehicle Axle load regulations known as UAE "1986 Law", has not been put in enforcement since the time of its inception. However, the current situation with regard to truck weights in the UAE has negative implications for road safety and puts excessive stress on road infrastructure. This leads to more road traffic accidents, higher maintenance expenditure and risk of structural failures.
Many oil fields in Abu Dhabi have been producing primarily from Cretaceous Thamama reservoir both in Offshore and Onshore field. However, the oil and gas production from Middle Jurassic limestone in Onshore Abu Dhabi is very limited while it is one of the producing reservoir in the offshore Abu Dhabi and Qatar. The study concentrates on Middle Jurassic Upper Araej formation which comprises bioclastic-ooidal grainstone-floatstone, pelloidal packstone, and minor skeletal wackstone/mudstone. The objective of this study is to characterize, recognize, and constrain the impact of diagenetic process (e.g. cementation, dolomitization, dissolution, stylolitization) on the poor reservoir quality of the formation. Core logging, Optical petrography, Back-scattered electron imaging, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Stable isotope (C-O) analysis are being conducted to examine and reveal the diagenesis of this formation. This study will help unravelling the thermalgeochemical conditions of diagenesis of the studied carbonate sediments. Optical petrography analysis has shown intensive cementation of grainstone and packstone units by drussy and blocky calcite cement which occlude all the pore systems, both in intra-granular and inter-granular pores. Along with BSEI and SEM analysis, the occurrence of anhydrate, fluorite, and saddle dolomite may give clues of certain fluid flow that affected the reservoir quality of Upper Araej Formation. A new potential of gas play probably exists in this tight reservoir.
Over the past decades, people where relying on conventional methods for power generation. However, due to the climate change, escalating prices pf fuel and petrol, in addition to the rising realization of environmental pressures along with the widespread acknowledgment about the importance of following a sustainable path have motivated countries to seek alternative clean energy resources. Currently, researches are being done to switch from the depletion of fossil fuel to using biofuels through the usage of biomass within the microalgae. This is because algae are considered one of the renewable sources of biodiesel that is capable to meet the future global fuel demand. Algae can produce clean renewable fuels, moreover it has demonstrated its effectiveness in sequestering CO2, treating waste water and generate electricity. Architects are now inspired by the advanced algae cultivation technologies and exploring the potential of cultivating microalgae within their design to produce the building's energy demand. The goal of this research is to highlight the importance of micro-algae, examine the potential of cultivating algae within a building's facade and achieving the building's energy demand and it various cultivation methods and techniques. It will also give an insight about the conditions upon which algae can live and reproduce as well as its distinctive design implementation within architecture. A research methodology will be presented to further investigate and examine this research hypothesis. Finally, based on the information and the analysis conducted in this research, a summary of conclusion will be presented for any further development regarding algae cultivation within building design.
The aim of this research is to identify the possible indicator threats that affect Al Ain Oasis along with the preservation methods taken by the responsible authorities. The goal is to achieve a proposal that limits these threats and find a way to make the preservation of natural heritage more sustainable which will be a lesson shared with the next generation.
The purpose of this study is to gather empirical evidence from the UAE to discover the relationship between business professionals' emotional intelligence and their ability to achieve a healthy worklife balance, within the context of UAE culture. A few similar studies about this topic have been conducted in the west, but there is a need to address the issue of work-life balance in this region to capture the cultural challenges that individuals face in the Arab and Islamic world. This paper lists the main theories related to the topics of work-life balance, emotional intelligence, and national culture. A mixed methodology is proposed to address this research problem. The study's anticipated results are discussed briefly as well.
The foundation of Oil in the early 1970s in UAE change the country from a subsistence level to a considerable affluence. All those changes attract foreign investments to the country which result in the need of skilled labours to run the organizations due to lack of skilled national labours on that period. Through the years the total dependence on foreign labours results in increasing the unemployment rate among Emiratis due to different reasons. All researchers were mentioning the reasons and the challenges in general basis but my concern and question are does this challenges apply to all industries in private sectors. Adding to that there are different challenges facing Emiratis in accepting the private sector jobs and here where I want to examine and find if these challenges faced by all Emiratis or does it differentiate from city to other.
This paper presents a quantitative research done to find out if project managers with different years of experience perceive the probability of project cash flow risks differently. Our results show that project managers in different experience groups do not differ in their awareness of probability of occurrence of cash flow risks.
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) are a useful and widespread geophysical tool for investigation of the shallow subsurface geological environment on Earth. GPR studies provide valuable insight into the physical properties of rock layers and their distribution within the shallow underground, and as a consequence a better understanding of the geological processes affecting a specific area. The research aims at studying, through a series of laboratory experiments, the suitability and potential of geo-radar in identifying gypsum rock, and associated karsts and sinkholes. These type of geologic features are not only a known hazard for Abu Dhabi, but previous research works highlighted the presence, on Mars, of karst-like landforms and morphologies that strongly resemble the karst morphologies found on the Earth. The research is carried out by building a laboratory analogue of the subsurface of Abu Dhabi. The results of this research can be used, on the one hand, to determine the suitability of GPR when identifying local gypsum rocks and karsts and develop recommendations for more extensive GPR karts detection field studies for field surveying, during planning and construction phases of large infrastructures projects, such as highway, metro, railway. On the other hand, these initial experiments will serve as basis for more advanced experiments on the use of GPR, and other geophysical techniques for characterization of the shallow underground of other planetary surfaces, which could be of interest, for example, for the Mars exploration program.
Water vapor in the atmosphere is a natural resource equivalent to about 10 % of all fresh water from rivers and lakes on Earth. Using cloud-seeding materials as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is an effective method to accelerate the formation of water droplets, and then harvest the water vapor in the atmosphere via rain precipitation. Hence, it is considered as the most promising water-augmentation technology to serve several weather modification purposes. It is crucial to understand and master these processes and capabilities to combat the current frequent occurrence of the extreme weather patterns around the world.
Ecohydrological models have been extensively used to investigate the role of abiotic stress in shaping plant-water interactions and ecosystems productivity. In this context, the research effort has mainly focused on water-limited ecosystems under the hypothesis that water scarcity is the main source of stress. However, a number of ecological and plant physiological studies have pointed out how soil salinity represents a crucial stress factor for vegetation in salt-affected soils - estimated to cover already over 9 billion ha worldwide - and coastal ecosystems. The objective of this study is to model the effects of salinity on plant-water relations in order to better understand the interplay of soil hyperosmotic conditions and osmoregulation strategies in determining different transpiration patterns. Salinity reduces the water potential, therefore is expected to reduce stomatal and plant conductance (eventually leading to cavitation for very high salt concentrations). Also, plant adaptation to short and long-term exposure to salinity comes into the picture to maintain an efficient water and nutrients uptake. We introduce a parsimonious soilplant- atmosphere continuum (SPAC) model accounting for both salt-exclusion at the root level and osmoregulation - i.e. the adjustment of internal water potential in response to salt-stress. The model is used to interpret a paradox observed in salt-tolerant species where maximum transpiration occurs at an intermediate value of salinity, and is lower in more fresh and more saline conditions. Such non-monotonic transpiration-salt concentration patterns can be largely explained by plant osmoregulation, while the peak of transpiration at tends to disappear over longer time scales, when ionic stress appears and morphological adaptations become predominant. Osmoregulation emerges here as a water-saving behavior similar to the strategies that xerophytes use to cope with aridity. The maximum of transpiration at is thus the result of a trade-off between the enhancement of salt-tolerance and optimal carbon assimilation.
