The need to design an appropriate framework that includes the most important factors affecting leadership by a leader is important to obtaining the desired goals. The design of the framework of "Leadership Cost" depends on several basic factors, including change, organization culture, experience, commitment, innovation, quality. This paper explores in detail the literature on factors that may help in designing a framework for measuring the leader's value and the extent of its importance in leadership and the sub-factors related to each factor. The paper analyzes various factors from previous literature related to the same topic and then suggests a framework for the most important of these major factors and their explanations. Furthermore, it discusses leadership from a point of view that may help the organization along with its people to reach its full potential and maximize its success. As well as raising the level of leadership and institutional work.
Most electric cars nowadays have lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as a power supply [1]. LIBs play a big role in sustainability if they are used as a renewable energy source to reduce the global warming effects that come from the traditional transportation methods [2][3]. Moreover, EVs will play a major role in the transportation sector in the UAE in the upcoming years, consequently, recycling is essential. However, there are no LIB recycling plants in the UAE, and the environmental and economic impacts of having such a plant are still vague. Another problem is that in the UAE, there are no studies that show the LIBs future trends, forecasts, and the challenges of having a LIB recycling market. Therefore, the goal of this study is to provide technical supporting materials to policymakers in the UAE and information to consider making a new LIB recycling plant for the UAE.
simple but yet effective fabrication method for reduced graphene oxide 3D structures was developed using template-directed technique. This method, based on dip-coating, was achieved by selecting the most optimal solvent through contact angle testing. Furthermore, the temperature for thermal reduction and thermal etching was determined through thermogravimetric analysis, and its efficacy was verified by X-ray diffractometer. Finally, scanning electron microscopy was utilized to study the morphology of the obtained free-standing TPMS structure.
Radar is a sensitive detection tool. Since its development, methods for reducing microwave reflections have been explored to improve the stealth technology. One of the methods for reducing radar reflection is coating the aircrafts by radar absorbing metamaterial. This research studys the radar absorption properties of a metamaterial which consists of a three dimensional structures printed with a polymer honey comb tilted structure coated by three layers of radar absorbing materials. The effect of the honeycomb with the geometrical parameters and tilted angle) on radar absorption properties will be simulated using COMSOL. Subsequently, the optimum structure will be fabricated using three printer technology. Then the optimized honeycomb structure of the three radar absorbing materials coated layers will be finalized by simulation using COMSOL. Finally, a free space measurement method integrated with vector network analyzer will be used to measure the electromagnetic properties of the optimum three layer coated-honey comb structure.
This work presents the effect of aliovalent dopants (La and Sm) on the supported Ni catalysts towards the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction. XRD and Raman were used to characterize the microstructure of the catalysts. Both dopants resulted in a cubic fluorite structure and increased concentration of the oxygen vacancies by introducing defects in the ceria lattice. The catalytic studies towards DRM showed that both catalysts had good conversion rates (c.a. 80%) and H2/CO close to unity after 12h of DRM. However, the La-doped catalyst exhibited enhanced carbon inhibition compared to Sm-doped catalyst.
This work explores the non-linear elastic behavior in a novel modified auxetic honeycomb structure. The current study focuses on experimental and numerical simulations to predict the elastic behavior of the structure. The phenomenon of non-linear elasticity in the proposed structure is achieved through the interaction of the internal surfaces upon compressive loading. Experimental and numerical validation are performed on a 2x2 cell auxetic structure made by FDM 3D printing.
A lot of research has been carried out on fabricating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based buckypapers (or sheets, mats) by using different techniques and to explore the potential applications of these buckypapers. The most common technique is the membrane-based vacuum filtration method, which is generally slow. Another faster technique that has been advocated recently is based on tape-casting. In this paper, we compare the quality and multifunctional properties of CNT-based buckypapers that are fabricated based on both vacuum filtration and tape-casting methods. Novel types of multi-walled CNTs, provided by Lockheed Martin Company, are used in manufacturing the buckypapers.
This work considers the equiatomic CoCrNi alloy, a recent multi-principal element alloy (MPEA), which in bulk form, has shown superior mechanical properties, excellent oxidation, and corrosion resistance. Such a combination of desirable characteristics motivates further research into the potential use of CoCrNi in thin-film form for challenging applications. This study aims to grow and optimize the deposition parameters of CoCrNi thin films. The CoCrNi medium entropy alloy thin films were deposited onto silicon oxide substrates by DC magnetron sputtering at different temperatures and pressures using a pre-alloyed target. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to study the surface morphology and chemical composition of the films, respectively. The crystal structure was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, confocal microscopy was used for surface topography characterizations. This study provides new insight into the preparation of MPEA thin films which hold significant potential for future applications.
Fatigue is a failure that is initiated by a crack from an applied cyclic load led to a sudden fracture; time is a key factor that determines failure. It occurs under the static strength of the material, which is the stress that a material can withstand before it enters the plastic deformation or failure under static load. In various structural applications, the fiber-reinforced plastic composites used widely due to their high specific strength and stiffness, to withstand constant and variable amplitude fatigue loads in service. Hence, fatigue durability and high fracture toughness of the composite material are equally important as for metals. A simple fatigue testing system has designed and constructed in our lab that can test the cyclic loading behavior of the prepared composites. The machine can test composite and polymeric samples subjected to completely reversed and fluctuating fatigue loads. The S-N curve of the tested material is determined.
Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing is proven to be an effective, accurate and low cost method of manufacturing where complex structures and assemblies were made easily. Mostly, products of conventional 3D printing exhibit rather rigid structures with fixed set of properties. This issue is addressed by introducing Four-Dimensional Printing (4D printing) through the use of time-active metamaterials such as the heat-activated Shape Memory Polymers (SMP). It has been previously found that 4D printed structures suffer significant shape distortion when subjected to heat for the first time (shrinkage phenomenon). Knowing that conventional 3D printing parameters such as deposition pattern and infill density play an important role in deciding the mechanical properties of the 3D printed structures, this current work investigates the effect of different deposition patterns and infill densities on the shrinkage behavior, as well as the mechanical properties, of SMP 4D printed structures.
