This paper presents a Fuzzy logic based tool for allocating the effluents generated by various industrial and commercial activities into the sewer system based on the mass loadings. A Fuzzy Sewer Allocation Index (FSAI) (Range 0100) is developed to classify the wastewater discharged from properties in Ajman, United Arab Emirates. The study mainly focused on three types of pollution, namely pH Pollution, Salt Pollution and Organic Pollution. The FSAI is developed by using Fuzzy Inference System Toolbox available in MATLAB using fuzzy rules in two steps, in which during the first step, three mass loading indices for Salt, Organic and pH pollution are developed. It is then processed in the second stage to develop the FSAI. This tool will be helpful as a decision support system to provide an outline for the plans for wastewater management based on the values of the indices developed
Feed spacers are a critical part of membrane processes that enhance the flux by increasing turbulence, and reduce concentration polarization. Innovative spacer designs have been proposed as a method to increase flux and reduce fouling in a membrane process. 3D printed feed spacers were designed with complex geometries that enhance the flow through the system and were tested in Reverse Osmosis and Ultrafiltration processes. The Spacers show a flux enhancement of 40 % in Brackish Water RO, and a similar 40% enhancement in organic fouling tests in UF. Biofouling tests were performed with E.Coli solution and characterized using TOC and Fluorescence Microscopy and the novel spacers showed a reduction in biofouling when compared to commercial feed spacers.
Sodium lauryl sulfate modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SLSMWCNTs) were synthesized, characterized and successfully used for the removal of lead from aqueous solutions. Surface characterization using energy dispersive Xray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed that the surface of the rawMWCNTs was successfully modified with the SLS. Adsorption results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity increased after modification from 3.84 to 140.70 mg/g.
Phenols are among the main and most hazardous pollutants found in industrial wastewater. They are toxic and have several harmful effects to the environment and humans. Wastewater produced from chemical industries, including pesticides, pharmaceutical industries, and petroleum refineries have been reported to contain high phenols content, which has to be reduced to safe levels before release. Several biological methods have been tested to degrade phenols, mainly using bacteria, which have been seen considerable success. However, the produced biomass in this case do not have any economic value. On the other hand, by using microalgae instead, as the degrading bioagent, the produced biomass can be then used for biofuel production. Degradation of phenols by microalgae has been reported, but the algal growth kinetics were not thoroughly covered. The aim of this work is to grow microalgae for simulation application of phenols degradation and utilizing the biomass in biodiesel production.
The electrical crosstie option was proposed to cope with extended station blackout event (ExtSBO) for Barakah Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) in UAE, the Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) CrossTie consider a donor Unit EDG as a power source for an ExtSBO Unit under specific conditions. The crosstie option is discussed and the issues related to this option are generated in systematic approach as a part of dependencies between multiple units. The applied approach benefited from the previous classification of the historical occurred events as site risk that has dependencies with an enhancement of the approach by adding the operation dimension to the dependencies risk.
The paper present a numerical investigation, using a commercial code StarCCM+, to study the effects of grid spacers on the coolant streamwise and lateral mixing within the pressurized water reactors (PWRs). A simple design of the spacers is suggested herein, that should be simple enough to reproduce for future CFD benchmark studies but is able to mimic the main physical phenomena found in the real and fullscale assemblies. The flow conditions are of the same order of the APR1400 power plant being commissioned in the UAE. The present numerical predictions will provide the basis to build, a very much needed, more reliable correlations for the simpler singlechannel codes.
Passive highpressure safety injection system is developing to improve reliability of nuclear power plant during the Small BreakLoss of Coolant Accident. By connecting SIT to pressurizer via pressure balance line (PBL), the coolant of SIT can be injected to RCS regardless of high pressure of RCS. The time of pressure equilibrium between pressurizer and SIT is dependent on direct contact condensation effect at interface in SIT. Substantial amount of injected steam into SIT condenses and cannot contributes buildup of pressure. It causes long delay time of safety injection after initiating a safety operation. To verify the exact time of passive highpressure safety injection, the code simulation has been performed and compared with existing experimental data in this study. Code simulation shows less delay time of safety injection than experimental data. The change of node number for SIT also affects the result.
The paper present a numerical investigation, using a commercial code StarCCM+, to study the effects of nanoporous oxide layer on the heat transfer rates at pressurized water reactor (PWR) operating conditions. Beforehand, a code ability to predict twophase flows at subcooled regime is assessed. The initial results reveal that the code is capable of predicting such flows with a reasonably good accuracy. The finding from the present study will contribute to a better understanding of this novel proposal benefits and improvements to the current PWRs in operation.
Rapid urbanization often leads to negative environmental impacts and changes in the urban microclimates. This paper, will discuss the impacts of UHI on pedestrian comfort and reducing the number of walking trips. The main objective of this paper is to address the morphology of Emirati neighborhoods, setting a quantitative baseline by which to assess and compare spatial characteristics and microclimate performance of existing typologies in Abu Dhabi. Further, the impact of different native plants types and species in reducing UHI effects and enhancing outdoor thermal comfort. This study uses ENVImet software, to evaluate existing conditions and generate scenarios in residential areas, with different vegetation surface, and examine their impact on surface temperatures during summer and autumn. In parallel to these simulations, field measurement will be included to calibrate the Envimet model. A comparison of these scenarios constitutes a first step towards making recommendations about sustainable landscapes for Abu Dhabi neighborhoods.
Studies in the literature typically focus on one of two objectives: saving energy or improving occupants' comfort. Building energy modeling (BEM) is used for the first objective by testing and comparing building designs while predicting their energy consumption levels. However, these studies typically fail to account for building users' interactions with building systems. The second objective ensures occupants' comfort and wellbeing using Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) methods to assess conditions provided by the building. Yet, most POE studies lack a profound analysis on their impact on the demand for energy. This paper presents an integrated POE and BEM framework that overcomes the limitations of both techniques. The framework is illustrated through a case study of low energy building in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results indicate that 14% reduction in energy consumption can be easily achieved by improving facility management and occupants' operation patterns, without comprising occupants' wellbeing.
