In 1982, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), a political and economic union comprising Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and Bahrain, initiated the creation of the Peninsula Shield. The historical aim of the newly created union was to protect the GCC member countries from the threat of Iran-Iraq war. Although the Peninsula Shield took an active part in the liberation of Kuwait and other military interventions, in 2005 Saudi Crown Prince and Defense Minister Sultan bin Abdul Aziz reported changes in the historical mission of the unit. The Peninsula Shield is now seem to perform a "symbolic" function, which raises questions among many experts. My research examines two question 1. What internal and external factors have constrained the military capability of the Peninsula Shield? 2. What lessons learnt would help the Peninsula Shield to meet the needs and expectations of the GCC's members?
This paper analyze current nuclear energy pattern in the modern world, production of nuclear weapons and its implications on international stability. It also analyze production of nuclear energy, usages of nuclear energy in civilian peaceful program and military program and connections between them. Most importantly, this article will attempt to analyze international stability in relation to expansion on nuclear weapons development and usage of nuclear weapons as an instruments of policy and strategy development.
We investigate the role of intrinsic amorphous silicon layer as passivation layer. We simulated IBC-HJ solar cell and varied the thickness of i-aSi layer.
In this paper, we discuss the fabrication and characterization of scale sensor using carbon nanotubes. Two methods are used to fabricate the CNTs sensor; casting technique and inkjet printing technique. The resistance of the casted CNTs sensor is found to be close to 30.00 k? whereas the resistance of the inkjet printing technique CNTs sensor is found to be close to 3.00 k?. Adding one drop of brine solution increases the resistance to 90.00 k? for the casting technique and 6.00 k? for the inkjet technique. SEM, AFM and EDAX techniques are used to characterize the presence of the brine on the surface of the sensor. The sensors are resetted by soaking them in DI-water. The resistance is measure and found to be close to the virgin sample.
A number of oligobenzyl ethers have been synthesized. Their thermal stability and longtime stability at room temperature were tested. The heat capacity and density of selected benzyl ethers over a temperature range were measured.
The purpose of this study is to gain some understanding about the effect of Urbach energy on the transport property of a?Si/c?Si and highlights how it affects the performance of the cell, using a computer simulation approach.
The study evaluates the converse to previously found parameters (higher potentials ,shorter time of electrokinetic processes on the migration,transportation, electro osmosis and bonding states of various heavy metals in municipal sludge for better mobility. EK experiments were carried out with different operating conditions including different current densities 60 A/cm2 to 120 A/cm2 , treatment times (30 minutes to 16H ) and pH 11 to 3.0. Comparing the removal efficiency of copper and zinc in acidic condition with neutral and basic conditions, results show better removal in acidic case. Removal efficiencies of Copper and zinc in the acidic condition experiment were 40% and 57% respectively. While an innovative green post treatment process can remove Zn by 90% and Ca 93% on longer time 16 H EK treatment, a waste to value product based quick sludge washing and subsequent meso scale filtration.
Desalination is a very expensive and energy demanding process. Using this source of water in nonpotable uses such as irrigation is neither economic nor environmental option. Water scarcity is common in arid regions such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE); especially with the limited natural water resources and depleting groundwater. Abu Dhabi Emirate has one of the highest per capita consumption in the world at about 550 Liters per Day. It is expected that the emirate will face a challenge in meeting growing water demands with the population, economic, and industrial rapid growth. Thus, the wastewater can be a precious source of water towards sustainable integrated water resources in the emirate. A system dynamics model (SD) is developed to simulate the complex water system of Abu Dhabi. The model will help policy makers to test various scenarios of water supply, and decide on most effective and sustainable plans.
Population growth and economic development have impacted the capacity of water resources in the UAE. The water budget approach balances inputs and outputs and its components were obtained from remotely sensed data. GRACE and TRMM were used to obtain water storage and precipitation while evapotranspiration was estimated from the water budget equation. GRACE measures changes in gravity caused by monthly changes in the Earth's mass. In the UAE, the change in the mass is caused by the change in the water storage and the extraction of oil, therefore, the effect of oil needs to be subtracted from GRACE measurements. On the other hand, soil moisture and groundwater are the main contributors to the water storage. Desalinated water is a critical factor in the UAE, therefore, it should be considered as an input. This procedure is applicable to other Gulf countries where desalination and oil extractions are significant.
The Al Ain watershed contains significant mountainous area that are capable of generating huge momentum for the flood to cause catastrophic events in the urban area and agricultural area downstream. In this work a runoff model was developed using the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) method with the help of HEC-HMS open source software. Precipitation was approximated from seven rain gauge stations within and around the watershed using the Theissen polygon method of spatial distribution and temporally distributed with the SCS design storm model for Type III. The CN value was approximated according the soil type and land cover for the current situation. The run-off hydrograph was created for the specific event and then propagated with the Muskingum-Cunge method of floodrouting. The volume of the flood was estimated to increase by 33% in 2030. The peak discharge also shown an increase of 28.8% and by 37.89% in urban and agricultural respectively.
